Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Mergers and Acquisitions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Mergers and Acquisitions - Essay Example An investigation directed by UNCTAD (2006) shows that 17 percent of the FDI on the planet contain South-North and South-South streams and of this the cross-outskirt acquisitions possess a noteworthy extent. This venture would investigate the cross outskirt acquisitions with an understanding into the reasons driving the acquisitions and compelling variables affecting such acquisitions. Components propelling cross fringe securing Various hypotheses have been built up that clarify the noteworthiness of the mergers and acquisitions. As indicated by Efficiency speculations the primary intention behind such arrangements is to misuse the advantages emerging out of cooperative energies or economies of scale. Market power hypotheses feature that acquisitions lead to oligopoly benefits. Office speculations express that the obtaining and procurement bargains relieve organization issues like evacuating the wasteful administrative staff. This hypothesis likewise expresses that it might likewise o ffer ascent to office issues, for example, hasty administrative choices exclusively guided by the rationale of domain building. Other than this the obtaining bargains are likewise guided by the focal points emerging from the ‘benefits of diversification’. In spite of the fact that there is no single hypothesis on mergers and acquisitions anyway these speculations have earned observational help. Studies have demonstrated that the investors of the objective firm advantage the most in such arrangements while the investors of the bidder firm don't get any quick profit by the arrangement. The irregular return that that the bidders can appreciate is either somewhat negative or zero. The consolidated return of the bidder-target firm is seen as all around positive showing that the securing bargains lead to esteem creation. It has likewise been seen that the stock cost of the objective firms’ show more significant yields on account of money offers when contrasted with the stock offers; antagonistic takeovers when contrasted with agreeable takeovers; and various bidder when contrasted with challenges by single bidders (Gregoriou and Neuhauser, 2007, p. 1). The achievement related with the M&A bargains has evaded numerous partnerships. Imprints and Mirvis (1998) express that the disappointment paces of such arrangements is around 50 to 75 percent. Regardless of the vulnerabilities related with the arrangement the securing and procurement bargains are on the ascent. The different advantages emerging out of the arrangement incorporate administrative cooperative energies, cost collaborations, showcase cooperative energies and so forth. The wellsprings of cooperative energies incorporate united buys, creation, organization, showcasing, advertise power, strategically pitching, procurement of specialized mastery, patent, skill of the objective, advertise development and so forth. In the flat acquisitions that include combination of two organizations hav ing a place with a similar segment the primary intention is picking up piece of the overall industry of the objective firm. This occurs on account of developed ventures where the chances of development are about depleted, nearness of abundance limit and so on. Flat acquisitions bring about upgraded income, investment funds in cost and better development openings (Hitchner, 2006, p.106). The obtaining firm likewise oversees the client base of the objective firm along these lines raising the all out income base of the bidder firm.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Culturally Safe Care for Women and Birth - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about theCulturally Safe Care for Women and Birth. Answer: Depiction: We had the chance to assemble immense measure of information about the local individuals in the country of Australia from the unit module that was exclusively founded on showing the attendants thinking about aboriginals. This module concentrated on getting ready medical attendants in a manner by which they can give socially skilled consideration to the local individuals and help to build up their wellbeing condition. This module had effectively helped me to pick up thought regarding how the Europeans had colonized their properties for various hundreds of years and had abused them in their own property. Long times of mental, physical and monetary torments and misuse had debased their social and financial status as well as had harmed their confidence and trustworthiness. Consequently, this module had helped me to comprehends that why hole in wellbeing status wins among the indigenous individuals and non-indigenous individuals. Already, I just realized that they had poor financial condi tions and couldn't live better quality life. Be that as it may, I never knew the fundamental foundation for the event of their current heath issue. I additionally came to think about numerous significant social contemplations that I have to follow which I was never mindful of the module was gone to by me. Feeling: I was very energized in the wake of coming to think about the methods of treatment and social contemplations that the medical caretakers need to follow for treating local patients. I was glad and deferential towards our college, as they had arranged a model independently for treatment of the locals. I was feeling honored that I could accumulate such a significant number of data about the locals and their societies. This would assist me with developing my social mindfulness and give socially delicate consideration to them. Assessment: The best piece of the training module was that it would assist me with treating local patient (who might visit the human services community with the inclination of treatment for recovering and carry on with a solid existence) with social information that would build their activity fulfillment. This would help the reason by which the country is attempting its best to create and assist the local individuals with coming forward and look for administration from western social insurance frameworks (Ramman et al., 2017). Additionally, I would have the option to regard and care for the independence and pride of the individual which is one of the most significant moral rule that each medical caretaker need to follow in their practices. These would ensure the general notoriety of the association and help me to build up my picture and my vocation (Couzos et al., 206). This unit has effectively shown me thee significant standards of socially able consideration for the aboriginals and had subseq uently helped me to create social affectability and conquer social biasness. Investigation: The module would assist me with learning about various standards of their way of life, their customs, their inclinations and their hindrance. This module has accordingly been fruitful to make me extra cautious while connecting with such patients. Consequently, I experienced a few proof based articles. In addition, I likewise reached my tutor and had point by point conversation with him. All these helped me to understand various angles that I didn't know to be significant while taking part in correspondence with the patient. The principal factor that I totally didn't know about is that local patients have confidence being developed of bonds and affinity before starting conversation about their own selves (Clifford et al., 2015). I didn't have any thought regarding the significance to compatibility working with the local patient. Besides, I had no clue that local individuals don't lean toward eye contacts as that caused them to feel discourteous and impolite (Thakrah et al., 2015). Whi le in western culture, eye to eye connection is vital for creating trust and demonstrating the contrary individual that you are certain however in local culture, that shows affront (Aitken et al., 2017). Along these lines, here I committed another error. The third point was while interfacing, the local patient want to be quiet for extended length of time. While in western culture, quietness is taken to be a pessimistic viewpoints and people attempt to cover the hole, local individuals gives a lot of hugeness to quietness while collaborating (Bertilone et al., 2017). Comparative such data was not known by me and this module helped me to get thoughts in a striking way. End: I accept that the module has not just helped me to build up my abilities for treating the aboriginals however has additionally helped me to create information about how to conquer social predispositions and fuse the standards of social capable with rehearses. The vast majority of the native network can't confide in the eastern medicinal services framework as they feel that their custom would not be regarded and their social inclinations would be ignored. This keeps them from coming and looking for helps from eastern social insurance frameworks. This would assist me with contributing my part towards their wellbeing advancement by leading proof based practices with them and furnishing them with best consideration. Activity plan: I will set myself up well and create social affectability, social mindfulness and social competency. I will peruse all proof put together articles with respect to how to give socially able consideration to local individuals. I will peruse web articles and find out about their social inclinations and correspondence styles notwithstanding the module. All these would assist me with providing top notch social consideration to local individuals and would assist them with developing better quality life (Worall et al., 2016). The NMBA gauges of morals encourage each medical caretaker to create rehearses that follow moral rules and consider all patients a continuation regardless of their ethnicity, class, statement of faith and religion. Accordingly, by following this code of morals, I will make myself socially equipped so I build up a both verbal and non-verbal legitimate correspondence ability that lines up with their social customs. This would make them profoundly fulfilled and they would create trust on the western medicinal services framework and would lead better quality lives. I should be socially delicate to their necessities and prerequisites and never ignore their inclinations. I ought to include them in dynamic and would regard their poise and self-rule. These would assist them with developing their trust on me and uncover their interests. Along these lines I would have the option to create wagers care mediations for them. References: Aitken, R., Skinner, V., Clark, L., Richardson, M. (2017). Assessing hierarchical social skill in maternity care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.Women and Birth,30, 5. Bertilone, C. M., McEvoy, S. P., Gower, D., Naylor, N., Doyle, J., Swift-Otero, V. (2017). Components of social ability in an Australian Aboriginal maternity program.Women and Birth,30(2), 121-128. Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., Tsey, K. (2015). Intercessions to improve social competency in medicinal services for Indigenous people groups of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: a methodical review.International Journal for Quality in Health Care,27(2), 89-98. Couzos, S., Thiele, D. D. (2016). Native people groups support in their medicinal services: A patient right and a commitment for social insurance providers.Aboriginal and Islander Health Worker Journal,40, 6. Lindstedt, S., Moeller-Saxone, K., Black, C., Herrman, H., Szwarc, J. (2017). Pragmatist Review of Programs, Policies, and Interventions to Enhance the Social, Emotional, and Spiritual Well-Being of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Young People Living in Out-of-Home Care.The International Indigenous Policy Journal,8(3), 5. Raman, S., Ruston, S., Irwin, S., Tran, P., Hotton, P., Thorne, S. (2017). Paying attention to culture: Can we improve the formative wellbeing and well?being of Australian Aboriginal youngsters in out?of?home care?.Child: care, wellbeing and development,43(6), 899-905. Thackrah, R. D., Thompson, S. C., Durey, A. (2015). Investigating undergrad maternity care understudies status to convey socially secure consideration for pregnant and birthing Aboriginal women.BMC clinical education,15(1), 77. Worrall-Carter, L., Daws, K., Rahman, M. A., MacLean, S., Rowley, K., Andrews, S., ... Arabena, K. (2016). Investigating Aboriginal patients encounters of cardiovascular consideration at a significant metropolitan emergency clinic in Melbourne.Australian Health Review,40(6), 696-704.

Thursday, July 30, 2020

Medications and Serotonin Syndrome Causes

Medications and Serotonin Syndrome Causes Panic Disorder Treatment Print Medications and Serotonin Syndrome By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on August 12, 2019 Jonathan Nourok/Getty More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, there is increased risk of serotonin syndrome as a result of combining selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors SSNRIs with migraine headache medications called triptans. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) It is believed that the brain contains several hundred different types of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) that act as communication agents between different brain cells. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is important in regulating a variety of body functions and feelings. Low serotonin levels have been linked to depression and anxiety. SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Reuptake is a process where neurotransmitters in the brain are reabsorbed and deactivated or recycled for future use. This causes an increase of serotonin levels, resulting in improved mood, decreased anxiety and inhibition of panic. SSRIs are considered the first-line treatment for panic disorder and include: Celexa (citalopram)Luvox (fluvoxamine)Prozac (fluoxetine)Paxil (paroxetine)Zoloft (sertraline) Selective Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSNRIs) SSNRIs inhibit the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Norepinephrine is a chemical messenger in the brain that influences sleep and alertness. It is believed to be correlated to the fight-or-flight stress response. SSNRIs include: Cymbalta (duloxetine)Effexor, Effexor XR (venlafaxine) Triptans Triptans are a class of drugs commonly used to treat migraine or cluster headaches. They act on serotonin receptors in the brain, thereby affecting serotonin levels. Examples of triptans include: Amerge (naratriptan)Axert (almotriptan)Frova (frovatriptan)Imitrex (sumatriptan)Maxalt and Maxalt-MLT (rizatriptan)Relpax (eletriptan)Zomig and Zomig ZMT (zolmitriptan) In addition to the medications identified in the FDA advisory, other drugs are associated with alterations of serotonin levels in the brain, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome. Tricyclic Antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are named after the drugs’ “three-ringed” molecular structure. Prior to the introduction of SSRIs in the late 1980s, TCAs were the medication of choice for the treatment of major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and other anxiety disorders. TCAs are also used to treat certain pain syndromes and nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting). It is believed that TCAs function to increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. Examples of TCAs include: Elavil (amitriptyline)Tofranil (imipramine)Sinequan (doxepin)Anafranil (clomipramine) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) MAOIs are a class of antidepressants believed to increase levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain. They are effective for the treatment of the major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and other anxiety disorders. Because of potentially dangerous interactions with certain foods, beverages, and other drugs, MAOIs are usually considered a last resort therapy. Examples of MAOIs include: Nardil (phenelzine)Parnate (tranylcypromine)Marplan ( isocarboxazid)Emsam (selegiline) Other Antidepressants Examples of other antidepressants include: Wellbutrin (bupropion)Desyrel (trazadone) Other Psychiatric Medications BuSpar (buspirone)Eskalith (lithium) Analgesics (Pain Killers) CodeineFentanylTramadol Antibiotic/Antiretroviral Medications Zyvox (linezolid)Norvir (ritonavir) Herbal Drugs/Dietary Supplements Hypericum Perforatum (St. John’s Wort)Ginseng/Panax Street Drugs AmphetaminesCocaineLSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) This list is not meant to be all-inclusive. To avoid increasing your risk of developing serotonin syndrome, tell your doctor about all drugs and dietary supplements you are taking. If you develop symptoms of serotonin syndrome, seek immediate medical attention.

Friday, May 22, 2020

The Dangers Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism - 1165 Words

What motivates someone to drink and how can they overcome alcoholism? Are a person s emotions the motivating factor to suppress depression or hate? Are social groups, peer pressure, or the need to fit in the primary motivator or is it a result from the type of environment the drinker was raised in? Is it possible to overcome alcoholism and live a happy and normal life? Let’s take a look at a few of the factors that could motivate someone to fall victim to alcoholism and the chances of overcoming this dreadful condition. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, results from several different studies they have conducted show that children from alcoholic families report higher levels of depression and anxiety. These same children also show more symptoms of stress than children from non-alcoholic families (Alcoholism). What these studies indicate is that if a child grows up in an atmosphere of constant alcohol consumption, the child has a higher likelih ood of developing undesirable psychological disorders as they continue into adulthood. This apparently creates a never ending cycle of alcoholism within the family; however there were some positive results in these same studies. It was found that the emotional stress of parental drinking on children decreases when the parents stop drinking. Although the children of relapsed alcoholic parents reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, emotional functioning in these children was similar amongShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers of Alcoholism828 Words   |  3 Pages My topic that I research is Alcoholism. This is the number one addiction for people is the US. Most people start drinking because of peer pressure from friends and family. When your drink alcohol there’s a lot of long term effects to your body. You will get liver diseases, Cardiovascular diseases. Your brain cells will die and you will have reproductive problems. You have risk of getting different type of cancers s uch as mouth,throat and esophageal. If you get esophageal cancer it will make itRead MoreThe Dangers Of Teenage Alcoholism863 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism is classified as a chronic illness, an addiction that affects the physical condition of a person as well as the mental. With one in every twelve adults living with alcohol abuse, it is a possibility that the children of these people will grow up and follow their parents. In this pattern there is a never ending cycle of alcohol abuse and dependence that has resulted in alcohol being ranked as the third leading cause of behavior related deaths in America (Facts About Alcohol. 2015, July)Read MoreEssay on Dangers of Alcoholism810 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism Alcoholism is a very serious disease, which can cause illness, death, injuries, schooling problems, family breakups, and crime. It is a proven fact the alcohol kills more people than any other illegal drugs combined. However, alcohol courses freely through American society, from college bars to corporate lunches. In a recent journal article by The Scientist, it is stated, Technology shows alcohol abuse changes brains molecular programming and circuitry? (Scientist). ThusRead More The Dangers of Alcohol and Alcoholism Essay3323 Words   |  14 Pagesmillion suffer from alcoholism. (Haisong 6) The dangers of alcohol affect everyone from children with alcoholic parents, to teenagers who abuse alcohol, then to citizens who are terrorized by drunk drivers. Alcoholism is defined as a destructive addiction to alcohol while alcohol abuse is defined as a destructive abuse of alcohol. Alcoholism is the most severe form of alcohol abuse but there are many different factors that contribute to a person becoming an alcoholic. Alcoholism is genetic but usuallyRead MoreWhat are the Causes of Alcholism and How Can We Prevent It? Essay1083 Words   |  5 Pagesand many people take drinking beyond social and celebration environments. Many Americans suffer from a disease known as alcoholism, it is not only the addiction to, but the inability to function without alcohol. Just like many other substances, in excess alcohol can create many issues within the body both mentally and physically, this is the issue behind alcoholism. Alcoholism, The Cause and Effects Alcohol has been around since ancient times, the original purpose was to treat water for bacteriaRead MoreParents Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism916 Words   |  4 PagesParent’s Influence and Role in Teenagers Prevalence to Underage Drinking and Alcoholism Alcohol (beverages): beverages which contain ethanol substance, this substance cause a person become drunk (e.g. beer, whiskey). (W. Merriam Corporation, 2011) Definition of alcoholism †¢ According to mayo clinic, alcoholism is an inability to control the desire to consume alcoholic beverages. The desire will always lead to serious condition, because the person who drinks alcohol does not know if he/she drinksRead MoreA Research Study On Prevention1432 Words   |  6 Pageskey to treatment. Here are some suggestions that I propose. Firstly, I suggest that the communities of San Juan County work together to educate the youth early and de-romanticize the drinking experience by having Al anon speakers, speak about the dangers. Real life experiences are proven to hold a greater impact on an audience rather than just some literature. There are 37 states so far to require some sort of drug and alcohol prevention in the classrooms. Although in theory this is a good idea, lackRead MoreAlcohol Dependence Syndrome Threatens And Affects The Individual, Family Life And Society769 Words   |  4 Pagesa chronic disease. Alcoholism is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2015), despite all the focus on illegal drugs of abuse such as cocaine, alcohol remains the number one drug problem in the United States. Nearly 17 million adults in the U.S. are dependent on alcohol or have other alcohol-related problems, and about 88,000 people die from pre ventable alcohol-related causes. For many, alcoholism can be held in remissionRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Brain And Body866 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics of alcoholism, which vary from person to person. The American Psychiatric Association recognizes early symptoms as: restlessness, anxiety, stubbornness and anger. This drives the person to self-destructive and antisocial behavior. The outer phenomenology of an alcoholic provides an image of a defiant, over confident, exuberant and independent personality; behind which is a victim who feels inferior, depressed, dependant, helpless and worthless. Even though the alcoholic realizes the danger, theRead MoreThe Effects of Alcoholism During Pregnancy Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Alcoholism During Pregnancy The hazardous dangers of alcoholism during pregnancy have been known for decades. However, even with the vast information given to pregnant mothers, with labeled warnings on every alcoholic beverage, pregnant women still continue to pick up the bottle of alcohol, continuing their journey to the destruction of their bodies and the road of dangers for the unborn child. Perhaps every person who has little to no knowledge in health

Sunday, May 10, 2020

Getting the Best Freud Essay Topics

Getting the Best Freud Essay Topics Freud Essay Topics Ideas Write an essay to convince your principal your idea is one that needs to be adopted. Deciding upon the correct topic can help you ensure a stress free means of essay writing. Adhere to the essentials of simple learning. Narrow your choices to some topics, and then brainstorm for a couple of minutes about each topic. Many of Freuds contributions can be seen in crucially important troubles. When you're writing this essay, your primary focus is going to be to supply the reader vast info about this issue under discussion. Don't neglect to write together with your students. Whatever They Told You About Freud Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why For example, somebody might want to drink but he or she might not have any drink available. Every one of the 3 issues should act as a separate heading in your letter. Cognitive research may include such practical applications as the techniques to create the memory better, or to boost decision making procedure, and others. The intention of a persuasive speech isn't just to present your suggestions and beliefs to the academic audience, but also to make others accept your perspective. It's only three unique characteristics of the whole brain, and not three distinct components. The brain isn't cut into three distinct structures. The procedure for sleep starts with the human body's signal that sleep is necessary, this signal is realized while the brain releases a neurochemical substance. The identification procedure is important. The True Meaning of Freud Essay Topics In comparison the id isn't as proficient of such elevated levels of consideration. Put simply, if there is not any way to disprove a theory's findings, it can't be scientific, and should the observations lead you to more insight about the topic that could be proven with specific effects, then you are in possession of a true scientific theory. Once you choose a topic, you must reply to the query and after that substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. Think of some arguments to back up your opinion. This paper will make an effort to research and explain all these methods in full. It is wise to look for the one which has an excellent reputation and offers high-quality papers at economical prices. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Freud essay topics in a matter of many seconds. Alongside the topics, you'd come across loads of papers at no cost. Additional Freud's father died four decades before the publication. Oedipus is a clear case of this. Freuds is accountable for a number of theories still used today. In reality, Freud's theory of personality is among the fundamental theories of modern-day psychology. Even though it's good known it is besides considered among the most controversial theories. Freud questions the worth of religious ideas. The ego's major function is to receive things done, especially in regards to satisfying the demands of the id and society. Thus, the experience of a person is important for the formation of her or his personality. The third part is ego that is represented by someone's conscience mind. Defense mechanisms are extremely healthy for an individual's psyche provided that they aren't abused. Ego defenses aren't necessarily unhealthy because you can see by the examples above. Ego defense-mechanisms are thought to be maladaptive when they become the predominant way of coping with stressors. After the ego can't satisfy the requirements of both the ID and the superego it may get overwhelmed. The super ego represents the correct and wrongs, the positive and negative of the society to every individual above their lifetime. The capacity to share something from your head is certainly a plausible act. The first thing you've got to do is think of a topic that you wish to right about. The Id is often irrelevant to the reality because somebody may want something that's unachievable at this time. One of the most frequent reasons people start looking for assistance with essay writing is they realize they're running out of time. The end result is that the personality of the individual gets infected and they can't function properly in society. Not infrequently, the person induces the very feelings in others which were first mistakenly thought to be there, making it tough to clarify who did what to whom first. That is why a number of the things an individual says unintentionally are nicknamed Freudian slips. At times, the ego has a hard time satisfying both the id and the superego, but it doesn't need to do so without help. The True Meaning of Freud Essay Topics Think of one thing you're expected to learn in school that you don't think ought to be included in the curriculum. When you learn to compose an essay of this sort, it's going to be very helpful to you all through your college years. The major aim of cognitive psychology is to investigate in what way the individuals acquire, process and store knowledge and data. The sexual needs expressed in the preceding stages are repressed and the little one starts to concentrate on the reality principle.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Personal Responsibility Free Essays

Personal Responsibility Elizabeth Mwewa Gen/200 03/09/2013 Personal Responsibility Personal Responsibility is important to one’s education success. This means been responsible and taking accountability towards one’s goals to achieve academic excellence. It requires commitment, integrity, and positive attitude to attain these goals as the results is pure joy. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Responsibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ron Haskins, who is the co-director of Center on Children and Families, Budgeting for National Priorities, wrote an article entitled, â€Å"The Sequence of Personal Responsibility†, states â€Å"Personal responsibility is the willingness to both accept the importance of standards that society establishes. Also means that when individuals fail to meet expected standards, they do not look around for some factor outside themselves to blame. † (Haskins, 2009, para. ) Personal responsibility to me means been responsible and accountable in goals to achieve academic excellence. This can be through commitment, integrity, and positive attitude. I should not blame others people when I do not meet objectives as I have to strive to meet deadlines in class work and assignments by dedicating time, energy, and resources. I should be able to consults my professors and academic advisors when I need help or do not understand assignments and also use the resources available on the university web tools. In colleges, personal responsibility is among the first teaching the students are taught like in this class. In The College of Wooster, Ohio, as reported by Baker (2011), the class of 2015 will be informed of codes of conducts and individual responsibility as outlined in the Wooster’s Ethic, which states that students must uphold academic and personal integrity as well as honest and trust in all academic endeavors. Ron Haskins clearly illustrates what personal responsibility means to individual behavior and the importance of standards that community has towards that. He wrote that â€Å"every person has a responsibility to be ccountable for his or her own actions and not to blame family, friends, economic status, or society in case of failure. It has an overview of personal responsibility in education which shows that students must study hard and learn as much as in courses that press against the limits of their capacity. This requires commitment and academic integrity to be success as without the college education most young people are destined to a life of marginal employment and income†. (Haskins, 2009) The relationship between personal responsibility and college success I achieved recently is when I graduated from Hutchinson Community College with an associate’s degree. I was hesitate to go to back to college especially, because I thought I was old and did not want to face academic challenges. I was born and grew up in an African country, moved to the USA in my adult life with my son. I had worked in the banking profession for over 14 years in Africa, and after settling in the USA, I decided to change my career to Health care. I knew nothing about the healthcare in the USA apart from what I had done research on. After I got a job at one the largest healthcare company, I knew that within time, I would want to start education in health care as all I had was banking and financial education. I had to motivate myself and within a short time I started my associate’s degree in Healthcare Information Technology. The joy of my academic success was evident during my graduation, in which my mother flew from Africa to be part of the celebration as I was the first in her family to obtain college degree. My son who is my biggest supporter in my pursuit for academic excellence had the biggest smile when I received my degree as he had witnessed the hard work and sacrifice I had to go through to be where I was then. This is vice-versa to me on him too. The relationship between personal responsibility and college success has also extended toward my career advancement. The previous classes and the one’s I am taking in pursuit of the bachelor’s degree have and will play a tremendous role on my job performance, communication among my co-workers, time-management, and planning skills. Preliminary plan to practice personal responsibility in my education starts with creating and adhering to academic calendar, which I have pinned on top of my study desk and another at the fridge to remind me on assignments due dates and what else need to be done. I have also set timeline on completing assignments to avoid procrastination. When I achieve my objectives, including reading and submitting all the assignments before the set timeline, I have decided to reward myself with renting the latest movie to watch with my son. Because my son has also decided to join me on the same reward schedule with his school work, we are working hard to make sure we do meet our timelines. In conclusion, as Haskins writes, â€Å"The demise of personal responsibility occurs when individuals blame their family, their peers, their economic circumstances, or their society for their own failure to meet standards,† (Haskins 2009). I believe that one’s success in college or any type of education requires discipline, commitment, dedication, family and the community support. As reported by Christian Bellantoni of The Washington Times, â€Å"president Obama in 2009 asked the nation’s students to take personal responsibility for their future and to put their best effort into their schoolwork, by urging them not to let their family, country, and mostly themselves down. (Bellantoni, 2009). References Haskins, Ron. (2009, July). The Sequence of Personal Responsibility. Brookings Institute. Retrieved from http://www. brookings. edu/research/articles/2009/07/09-responsibility-haskins Bellantoni, C. 2009, September 9). Obama Urges Responsibility In His Pep Talk: Adjusts To Last Week’s Furor Over Approach To Students. The Washington Times. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/410129873 Baker, Becky. (2011, August 11). New Students Learn About Respect, Responsibility, Relationships. Daily Record [Wooster, Ohio]. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/885010118 How to cite Personal Responsibility, Essay examples Personal Responsibility Free Essays Personal Responsibility Personal Responsibility The way you perceive Personal Responsibility can be viewed many ways depending on your ethical perspective in life. We all live by a set of ethics that are instilled in us from birth through adulthood. These ethics contribute to our decision making and how we live our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Responsibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to practice personal responsibility in higher education, you must first define what it means to you, the relationship between personal responsibility and college success and have a plan to follow. Even though uncontrolled situations can happen, you must take personal responsibility for your actions because it demonstrates work ethic and shows your character. Definition of Personal Responsibility My definition of personal responsibility is being accountable for my actions and the way I say or do things. By accepting accountability for my actions, I must make decisions that are ethically responsible. Every day we are faced with dilemmas and our peers expect us to react according to what is normal in society. These decisions must be based on integrity, honesty and our overall values. Once we reach adulthood, the expectation is we aspire into responsible adults without being coerced. This requires accepting that I chose the direction for my life and realize who I am. Recognizing how my choices affect me and others who depend on my support is a key factor of my decision making process. Understanding there are consequences for my behavior prepares me for accepting responsibility in everything I do. Personal responsibility has been defined as being accountable to oneself and the needs and well-being of others (Ruyter,2000). Doherty (1998) has argued that there is an increasing trend in society to refuse accountability and to blame others for one’s situation. Relationship between Personal Responsibility and College Success The relationship between personal responsibility and college success is the ethical choices I make while pursing higher education. In order to be successful in college, I must take personal responsibility for my actions. Students entering college are expected to demonstrate skills that will lead to success. It takes motivation and sincerity to endeavor the challenges and responsibility associated with continuing your education. According to Colby and Sullivan (2009) there are five key dimensions of personal and social responsibility. â€Å"In Striving for excellence: developing a strong work ethic and consciously doing one’s very best in all aspects of college, cultivating personal and academic integrity: recognizing and acting on a sense of honor, ranging from honesty in relationships to principled engagement with a formal academic honor code. Contributing to a larger community: recognizing and acting on one’s responsibility to the educational community and to the wider society— local, national, and global. Taking seriously the perspectives of others: recognizing and acting on the obligation to inform one’s own judgment; engaging diverse and competing perspectives as a resource for learning, citizenship, and work. Developing competence in ethical and moral reasoning: developing ethical and moral reasoning in ways that incorporate the previous four dimensions, and using such reasoning in learning and in life. (p. 24). As a college student, I must take personal responsibility in making sure I succeed. Since I have set the goal of continuing my education, the duty to myself is success. Preliminary Plan The choices I make on a daily basis can impact my success, therefore I must have a plan. My plan is to stay well engaged in my education by working with my academic counselor, attending class regularly, sta ying involved in class discussions, learning better time management skills and completing assignments on time. According to American Federation of Teachers (2011), â€Å"to further their own success, students must be responsible, among other things, for attending classes and keeping up with their coursework. Students must understand that the minimum time commitment required for success in their courses is generally two hours on top of every classroom hour. Engaging professionals in discussions about students’ coursework and their educational and career goals. It is imperative that students regularly seek out faculty, academic and career counselors outside of class. Periodically taking a hard look at their academic and career goals, the time commitments they undertake and the state of their finances to ensure that they develop a program of study that has a good prospect for success. † (Students). My weakest area is time management. Being a single mother of three children, working full time and managing a household is more than a lot of people could handle. In order to take control of these factors in my life, I have started planning ahead and created a biweekly schedule for the entire family. This schedule helps me keep track of upcoming class projects, my work schedule and my children’s activities. I have found this plan to be effective and proficient in keeping my schedule under control. (Ellis, p. 14, 2011). By planning a week or month at a time, you get a bigger picture of your multiple roles as a student, employee, and family member. With that awareness, you can make conscious adjustments in the number of hours you devote to each domain of activity in your life. For a plan to be effective, you must measure the results for success. To help keep me engaged with my academic goals, I have developed a strategy of keeping in constant contact with my academic advisor. I speak with my advisor about the required courses I need to fulfill and a time based goal for achieving this accomplishment. My classes currently require that I participate four days per week, however I devote more time to the classroom. I have also found that doing more than the required work for a class can give you a better understanding of the material. The schedule that has been created for me and my family is updated and evaluated weekly to ensure we are meeting our objectives. Conclusion In conclusion, although uncontrollable situations can happen, you must take personal responsibility for your actions. There may be classes or assignments I don’t enjoy but I must focus and find my strengths in that area. Sometimes life requires you to accept challenges that were not anticipated but good work ethic will discipline you to accept those responsibilities. The projects may not always be interesting but completing them is a true demonstration of your character. Accepting personal responsibility demonstrates strong work ethic and commitment to college success. Creating a plan to help you strategize practicing personal responsibility shows your commitment to success in college. References Colby, A. , Sullivan, W. M. (2009, Winter). Strengthening the Foundations of Students’ Excellence, Integrity and Social Contributions. Liberal Education, 95(1), 22-39 American Federation of Teachers. (2011). ERIC. Retrieved from http://www. eric. ed. gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet? accno=ED518097 Ellis, D. (2011). Becoming a Master Student (13th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection How to cite Personal Responsibility, Papers Personal Responsibility Free Essays Personal Responsibility Essay GEN/200 Month Date, Year Professor Week 5: Personal Responsibility Essay: Final Draft To achieve academic success, students must practice personal responsibility through effective time management and communication. Personal responsibility also can be referred to as Accountability that is defined by Merriam-Webster as â€Å"the quality or state of being accountable; an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for one’s actions. † http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Responsibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now merriam-webster. com/dictionary/accountability. In my own words, being responsible is the same as being honest with oneself and possessing the honor and integrity to own up to all your decisions and accepting each consequence if one decides whether or not to follow through. Eleanor Roosevelt was quoted for saying; â€Å"In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility. †Ã‚   http://www. goodreads. com/quotes/tag/personal-responsibility. I agree with Eleanor Roosevelt because I control my own destiny. It is up to me to know the difference between right and wrong and make a wise decision. I know that any decisions I make will come with results. Results that I must maintain a focus mind on no matter what the consequences may be as well as understanding how it could affect the ones around me. A preliminary plan to practice personal responsibility in my education would be time management. I want to concentrate on this area because as a student and in education I need to be able to have a better regiment as far as time management goes. Steinbrook (2006) stated: â€Å"The concept of personal responsibility in health care is that if we follow healthy lifestyles (exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, and not smoking) and are good patients (keeping our appointments, heeding our physicians’ advice, and using a hospital emergency department only for emergencies), we will be rewarded by feeling better and spending less money. † This article is relevant because it demonstrates how individual behavior incorporating time management with appointments, work outs, specific lifestyles and eating habits can lead to positive results. To stay successful with deadlines and managing time I currently have implemented a to do list by my bed side each night, syllabus with different color highlighters as well as 2 different calendars which could be updated from any of my personal handheld devices. Personal responsibility is essential for clear communication. Most of us unfortunately live our lives in a place of insecurity. If we are not willing to take responsibility for our own insecurities then our communications are not true nor clear. In doing so, we are basically teaching other people to respond to us in an unclear way. Mathias  Dewatripont and Jean  Tirole (2005) stated: â€Å"Finally, in the realm of supervisory decision making, a similar observation is that personal responsibility enhances the receiver’s cognitive work. † This article is relevant because it demonstrates the different characteristics communication has pertaining to the sender and the receiver. Keeping in mind that this communication transfer is based on information gathered without the knowledge of knowing if it is true or not. Therefore, I need to focus on proactive listening and taking in all I hear without bias. With taking responsibility for the quality of my thinking I can then put myself in a position of being open, honest and without fear to everyone around me. I know that in implementing this secondary plan I will have created positive new behaviors to my daily life routine to ensure success in my education. In conclusion, although life can sometimes present itself with many different obstacles making it difficult to maintain and achieve set deadlines, personal responsibility is vital in order to maintain college success for two main reasons. First, it teaches you communication and being on time. But most importantly, it shows dedication and determination while being responsible for one’s own actions and behaviors. References: Steinbrook, R. (2006, August). Imposing Personal Responsibility for Health. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355(8), 753-6 doi:10. 1056/NEJMp068141 Dewattripont, M. , and Triole, J. (2005,December). Modes of Communication. The Journal of Political Economy, 113(6), 1217 – 1238. doi:10. 1086/497999 How to cite Personal Responsibility, Papers Personal Responsibility Free Essays There are different aspects involved in personal responsibility. These aspects need to work in harmony in order to have a successful outcome in achieving your goals. They include being accountable, setting priorities and being in control of your domestic obligations. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Responsibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now Applying personal responsibility is a vital component of educational success and with that success, a chance for personal growth and increased economic stability occurs. Personal responsibility correlates with college success as it connects to every aspect of life, academic or otherwise. When a student is personally responsible, they demonstrate the ability to manage their time, and to e accountable to their professors, their peers, and most importantly, to themselves. Accountability As humans, we are accountable for all our actions. In terms of college success, being an honest student and having integrity support this. It is a student’s moral obligation to uphold to your professors and your peers. The college campus and classroom, as well as all other academic areas, are communities where students not only learn independently and from an instructor, but from each other. In this way, as members of this community, we share with one another. The idea of accountability does not stop at our peers and professors. As students, we make ourselves accountable and responsible for being the best possible version of ourselves. In his commencement speech at Morehouse College, President Obama stated that, â€Å"the spirit of excellence, hard work, and dedication and no excuses,† (Obama, 2013) are requirements for success. This quote perfectly summarizes one of the major tenets of my definition of personal responsibility: living up to the best version of yourself. Proportioning As a student, you have a personal responsibility to complete your assignments, papers and exams. In order to be successful with this, you need to be able to strike a throng balance with how you manage your study time. Everyone has different learning styles, and it would be beneficial to explore your strengths and weaknesses and seek help when needed, e. G. , by Joining study groups or academic workshops to prepare for upcoming exams. Being disciplined, diligent and honest with your approach to your education is your formula for academic success. Being accountable means that you will have to prioritize certain activities over others. Proportioning means deciding which tasks deserve and require most of your energy and attention at a given moment. To master this skill would be a great advantage to anyone, as it aids in time management and helps you achieve your long-term goals. Even the most organized people sometimes risk running out of time before their most important tasks has been completed. In his guide to becoming a successful student, physics Professor Richard Silverman at Western Kennedy University states, â€Å"[successful students] are good time managers. They know that time control is life control and have consciously chosen to be in control of their life. † (Silverman, n. D. Peg. L) According to Proportioning Techniques Save Your Time and Energy (2007), who gives helpful advice on proportioning with the 80/20- rule. It states, â€Å"One key reason proportioning works and works well is the 80/20 rule. The States 80 percent of our typical activities contribute less than 20 percent to the value of our work. Therefore, if you do only the most important 20 percent of your tasks you still get most of the value. Then, if you focus most of your efforts on those top value activities, you achieve much more than before, or you will have more time to spend with your family. † This quote illustrates how proportioning and accountability go hand and hand. Because of organizing time according to the order of importance, your family and friends will now that you prioritize your schoolwork above everything else; they will trust you and know that you are a responsible individual. Control and Management of domestic obligations: Paying bills on time and managing your finances is equally as important as managing time. Running a home is a lot like running a business, as the same principles apply. With everything in life, you still need personal gratification and enjoyment in doing it. Many college students of today go to school while taking care of a family. Both of these things might seem like it is impossible to do, but proper management might ease stress, and allow you more time to yourself. This in turn will make you feel accomplished and motivate you to continue to balance out the two areas of your life. In the article Paying for College: A Lifetime Proposition they wrote, â€Å"College is, in fact, a long-term investment returning financial and personal benefits that extend over a lifetime, but our society is ill-prepared, either psychologically or institutionally, to think of paying for college in lifetime terms † (McPherson Skinner, 1986,Para. 29-36). It suggests that the realization and understanding that applying arsenal responsibility to protect the investment you make with your education is vital. One way to prepare is to research all resources available whether it is scholarships, federal and state grants or student loans. However, if you intend to apply for a student loan, let it be the last option you choose because after completing your education, you will still have that financial burden and debt to repay. Despite how expensive it can be to pay for school, the results can be very rewarding. The knowledge and experience you receive will be priceless. Coming up with ways to implement these tactics is easier said than done, but here are many resources open to all kinds of students today. If you are having trouble with a class, it will be advisable to ask your instructor for additional help during office hours, or ask fellow classmates to arrange a study group. If it is available to you, tutoring assistance could also be a huge help. Avoiding procrastination is a goal for most students, but many fail to fall into its traps. One solution would be to, disable all electronic devices that can potentially distract you from your work, or you can download an extension that can temporarily limit your access to non-academic websites. In conclusion, although the balance between personal responsibility and educational success is established, taking personal responsibility can have a positive impact on college success for two main reasons. Demonstrating personal responsibility will have positive outcomes on how you manage your time as a student. Because you know that as a student you are accountable to your school community, you will take your work more seriously. By learning how to balance your schoolwork crosses over to the other areas of your life, and teaches you how to be expansible in terms of those areas as well. How to cite Personal Responsibility, Papers

Wednesday, April 29, 2020

Technology Advances and Music

Introduction In the world, there are so many groups of people each having their cultures and music. The cultures are used to give guidelines on a person interaction with one another and usually determine their way of life. They are a means of conserving the culture of the community and they are usually passed from one generation to the next. There are various ways of passing on this cultures which include music, poems, dances, proverbs and stories among others. Music is used to pass information among people though its performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Advances and Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are used to mark significant people or occasions in the life time of a group of people, educate people as well as pass the cultures to generations to come. People usually engage in the music industry for various reasons such as relaxation and entertainment, hobby and as a source of income . Due to the unification of various people in the world by the different social, economic or political reasons, there have emerged various types of music which has found its audience all over the world. This paper seeks to consider the impacts of technology in music industry taking into account the role technology plays in popular culture music. It also expounds on sampling, the use of technology in establishing or enhancing an artist’s career, legal issues of copyrights and royalties and issues surrounding downloading of music. Music There are so many types of music currently available in the world. This music has their origin cultures and when played anywhere in the world passes the culture. They are used to improve the quality of life, to express feeling as well as pass different messages. They are also sung to mark various activities and phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, drought, wars and political revolution among others. These phenomena usually have great influence in the social, economic and political life of a given group of people. Music is divided into different types according to the purpose of the song and the culture (Hoffer 1). Due to aspects such as globalization, there has emerged popular music which has found its audience all over the world despite the prevalence of differing cultures. This music usually addresses various issues that are usually experienced worldwide. The continuous advancement in technology has found its way into the music industry and has resulted into various improvements which have been found to have strengths and weaknesses in differing aspects. These have resulted in the exploration of various fields which were unexplored. Music industry has emerged to be a major source of income to various people such as artists, publisher, producer and editors among others. Technological Advances and Music There has been continuous technological advancement in all fields over the years. In the music industry, technology has affected all aspects from song writing, recording and performance, selling and listening of the music by individuals. Music storage has been improved where one is capable of carrying large music files in very small spaces. This has resulted from the use of microchips such as microprocessors which are programmable and have huge capacities.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Due to the improved technology, there have arisen various illegal activities which have cost this field a lot (Johnson 3). An example of these crimes is piracy. The internet has been one of the major challenges in the music industry as people are downloading music instead of buying them from the music shops. Despite all these challenges, the technological improvements have assisted the artists to use efficient tools and equipment in recording as well as in stage performances. In the past it was a common phenomeno n to someone to have stacked recorded music for him to listen to. As times have been passing, there has been downloading of music which also has required space for storage of the music in computers for retrieval at will. Phones are some of the most commonly gargets used in downloading music and in response to the increased quest for the music; some companies have established databases where one is able to access any music from any album. Music is only accessible on subscription at a fee. This development is gaining its roots slowly among the cell phone users mainly due to poor marketing. The internet is one of the most promising marketing places for the music industry because it is accessed all over the world. Implementation of proper marketing strategies would result in general improvement of the industry. All the persons involved such as artists would be able to earn more income. When one has written his work in the music industry, he is granted exclusive rights. This is usually k nown as copyright and is meant to safeguard ones work. There are also legal actions stipulated by the law to punish those in illegal music businesses. The victims can be jailed or asked to pay fines for their crimes. Due to the increased use of the internet, to avoid increased music downloads, some measure can be implemented. The internet users could be allowed to download the music at a lower charge (Wiechmann 2). All these measures have been used to bring back sanity in the music industry. Piracy is a problem facing the music industry and is taking away a lot of revenue away. This is sometimes done by borrowing someone his or her compact disk and then making its copy. Some people produce them in mass for economic gain by selling the copies. There are strict rules that are put in place to try and reduce their occurrences. Some people usually improvise some strategies to protect popular music from piracy. In the case of hard copies digital watermarking while incases of softcopy feat ures like audiolock.net are used to avoid access of the music to unauthorized personnel. On the other hand, to overcome the problem of piracy, the general public should be informed the negative effects of piracy to them, the artist and the economy (Marshall Frith 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Advances and Music specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There has been the development of various softwares and computer aided production and simulation that has improved the popular music. This has been brought forth by the teaching of music technology in various education institutions. When undertaking these studies, the students are informed on all practical and theoretical aspects of music and the application of technology. The various institutions should consistently improve their curriculum to ensure the knowledge impacted to the student is usually the most current one. The various aspects of music to wh ich technology has impacted include singing, performing on instruments, Improvising melodies, composing, reading music notation, listening, evaluating music performance and getting proper information on the interaction between music, arts, history and culture. All these aspects have been developed softwares which eases the critical analysis and implementation of each. The means of communication and channel though which the message or information from the music to the audience has changed. The government and institutions related to the music industry has greatly contributed to the development of the music industry. In the production of the music technology use is evident. In the production of a song, the various steps usually require different types of technological application. There are diverse musical equipment that have been in the market to assist in production. In the previous years, musicians during performances used to use wire microphone. The microphones have been replaced b y wireless microphones which have given them flexibility in conducting any form of motion on the stage. The disk jockeys are nowadays equipped with modern equipment which are usually with various efficient features. These have ensured that the services they offer are usually very good. There are various types of sampling such as music and speeches. The technology has enabled the sampling of music to be easy. It usually entails using of various instruments to insert portion of another song in the production of a song. There have been improvements by production of new and up to date sampling machines which are categorized as phrase and studio samplers. It is usually done to improve the song so that it can have a better market. Doing it without the consent of the original artist is usually against the law. In accessing the music in the legal way, permission is borrowed from the copyright holders (Shaffer 6). The rights of reproducing different parts of the music are usually given at a charge which is dependent on the source person or institution, portion to be used and the way the portion is used.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is common in popular music and is sometimes very expensive. In case of failure to borrow permission for sampling, the offenders are usually charged at courts. They are mostly fined heavily which usually acts as a blow to the whole band. Despite sampling illegal, it is very rampant in the popular music production (Stapleton 2). Conclusion There have been continuous improvements in the musical industry that has been brought forth by the technological improvements. These have yielded positive results in popular music making it find favor in the market. There are various equipment that are used to administer various services and their continuous improvement has ensured efficiency in the provision of the services. Despite all the positive impacts of technology in the music industry, there are some illegal activities that have resulted. These activities usually remove the sanity in this industry. Although there are laws governing these acts which are punishable by law, the acts still prevail. The various institution involved have played their part in streamlining all the activities in this field but still more effort is required. Works Cited Hoffer, Charles. Music Listening Today. Stamford, United Kingdom: Cengage learning, 2009. Print. Marshall, Lee. Frith, Simon. Music and copyright. Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press, 2004. Print. Shaffer, Nevin. Protect your great ideas for free! Free steps for protecting the valuable ideas generated by every business owner, Entreprenuer [sic], inventor, author, and artist. Florida, USA. : Maximum Press, 2006. Print. Stapleton, Laura. E-copyright law handbook. New York: Aspen Publishers Online, 2002. Print. Wiechmann, Daniel. The Impact of Online Music Services on the Music Recording Industry: Opportunities and Challenges. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2009. Print. This essay on Technology Advances and Music was written and submitted by user Elsie F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Friday, March 20, 2020

The Rise of Al Capone and Lucky Luciano

The Rise of Al Capone and Lucky Luciano The Five Points Gang is one of the most infamous and storied gangs in the history of New York City. Five Points was formed in the 1890’s and maintained its’ status until the late 1910’s when America saw the beginning stages of organized crime. Both Al Capone and Lucky Luciano would rise out of this gang to become major gangsters in America.   The Five Points gang was from the lower east side of Manhattan and numbered as many as 1500 members including two of the most recognizable names in â€Å"mob† history – Al Capone and Lucky Luciano – and who would change the way that the Italian crime families would operate. Al Capone Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in Brooklyn, New York on January 17, 1899, to hardworking immigrant parents. After quitting school after the sixth grade, Capone held several legitimate jobs that included working as a pinboy in a bowling alley, a clerk in a candy store, and a cutter in a book bindery. As a gang member, he worked as a bouncer and bartender for fellow gangster Frankie Yales at the Harvard Inn. While working at the Inn, Capone received his nickname â€Å"Scarface† after he insulted a patron and was attacked by her brother. Growing up, Capone became a member of the Five Points Gang, with his leader being Johnny Torrio. Torrio moved from New York to Chicago to run brothels for James (Big Jim) Colosimo. In 1918, Capone met Mary Mae Coughlin at a dance. Their son, Albert Sonny Francis was born on December 4, 1918, and Al and Mae were wed on December 30th. In 1919, Torrio offered Capone a job to run a brothel in Chicago which Capone quickly accepted and moved his entire family, which included his mother and brother to Chicago. In 1920, Colosimo was assassinated – allegedly by Capone – and Torrio took control of Colosimo’s operations to which he added bootlegging and illegal casinos. Then in 1925, Torrio was wounded during an attempted assassination after which he placed Capone in control and moved back to his home country of Italy. Al Capone was now finally the man who was in charge of the city of Chicago. Lucky Luciano Salvatore Luciana was born on November 24, 1897, in the Lercara Friddi, Sicily. His family immigrated to New York City when he was ten years old, and his name was changed to Charles Luciano. Luciano became known by the nickname â€Å"Lucky† which he claimed he earned by surviving a number of severe beatings while growing up on the Lower East side of Manhattan. By the age of 14, Luciano dropped out of school, had been arrested numerous times, and had become a member of the Five Points Gang where he befriended Al Capone. By 1916 Luciano was also offering protection from the local Irish and Italian gangs to his fellow Jewish teens for five to ten cents a week. It was also around this time that he became associated with Meyer Lansky who would become one of his closest friends and his future business partner in crime. On January 17, 1920, the world would change for Capone and Luciano with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. â€Å"Prohibition† as it became known provided Capone and Luciano the ability to garner huge profits through bootlegging.   Shortly after the start of Prohibition, Luciano along with future Mafia bosses Vito Genovese and Frank Costello had started a bootlegging consortium that would become the largest such operation in all of New York and allegedly stretched as far south as Philadelphia. Supposedly, Luciano was personally grossing approximately $12,000,000 a year from bootlegging alone. Capone controlled all alcohol sales in Chicago and was able to set up an elaborate distribution system that consisted of bringing in alcohol from Canada as well as setting up hundreds of small breweries in and around Chicago. Capone had his own delivery trucks and speakeasies. By 1925, Capone was earning $60,000,000 per year from alcohol alone.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

How to bond with your employees without compromising your authority 

How to bond with your employees without compromising your authority   Authority and power are complex issues that come with the task of being a manager. In the workplace, the ability to hire, fire, and give raises sets the power dynamic between employees and bosses. But while power and authority are clearly linked, authority is a bit murkier to define- it relies on the established relationship between employees and their bosses and can be built over years and lost in an instant. Bonding with your employees and projecting authority are not mutually exclusive. In fact, the two things are much closer than one might think.Here are a few ways you might develop both leadership traits.Establish an atmosphere of mutual respectAuthority doesn’t come automatically with a job title. It is earned when managers are clearly knowledgeable and competent, and when they get results. But you can’t get those results without team effort- and your interaction with employees plays a vital role in establishing authority. In order to truly lead a team, you need t o earn trust and establish an atmosphere of mutual respect with employees. If you find yourself pounding on your desk and engaging in intimidation tactics, chances are you are trying to assert authority rather than earn it. But if you build a base of shared respect, then bonding with employees will grow your authority rather than diminish it.Take an interest in your employeesYou don’t want to invite daily gab sessions or become a shoulder to cry on, but being responsive to employees and really listening can help foster your authority. Simple things like knowing where your employees went to college, or the names of their family members, or their personal interests and hobbies, can help you understand their motivations and actions at work and help establish basic respect. This type of bonding also fosters a working relationship that can open the channels of communication so that when your employees have a good idea, they can reach out. This way you can be the boss employees wan t to listen to and will trust to follow.Be a real personSo, can you drink a beer with your employees and just be a regular person? Sure. But you can’t drink too much or share too much personal information. Letting employees see that you’re a real person with your own life and interests outside of work does not compromise your authority, but is part of that two-way street of building mutual respect. Social settings like the office party can help you bond while keeping it professional.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Set boundariesAfter you relax with employees at an office party or talk up your golf game, you need to be clear when it’s time to focus back on work. The afternoon progress meeting is not the place to shoot the breeze, so take care to establish the atmosphere you want with a simple, firm-yet-kind acknowledgment of when it’s time to get back to business.Head off problem employeesOccasionally there will be the e mployee who can’t separate the friendly boss from the friend and switch gears back to work-mode. If you find an employee becoming overly familiar, too joking, or disrespectful, this is where your authority needs to put its foot down. Nipping a problem in the bud is best, and opening the channels of communication with the individual employee can turn the situation around.Bonding with your employees, when done the right way, can actually help you gain authority. It can take years to cultivate but largely stems from you setting appropriate boundaries and maintaining genuine interest in your employees as people. So ask yourself: are you approachable, or intimidating? And which do you think will get better results?

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Importance of Malaria Vaccine. Challenges of Malaria Vaccine Essay

Importance of Malaria Vaccine. Challenges of Malaria Vaccine - Essay Example In essence, the female anopheles mosquito transmits the plasmodium parasite. According to Coleman and Tsongalis 2009, it leaves the parasite in the human blood in the process of feeding on the blood meal. However, â€Å"Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus†are the maintransmitters of malaria in human beings. All the malaria manifest through common symptoms like fever, although some patients progress to severe malaria that is often caused by the P. falciparum species. Essentially, it takes one to three days after infection for the infecting parasites to release the infection depending on their species. Additionally, merozoites are released through the lysis of infected erythrocytes with the inclusion of waste substances such as red membrane products, hemozoin pigments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). The infectivity of red cells by the parasite of malaria like, P. falciparum brings about progressive together with mechanical alternation of the re d cells that can deteriorate over time into the life threatening complications of malaria Although, P.falciparum has devastatingly castigated as the major contribution to severe malaria all over the world. For instance, there have been severe infections and reports of death due to infections of P. vivax and P. knowlesi. Some pathophysilogical features like sponge biomass, reset and confiscation alter formality and restraint of parasitized erythrocyte. Endothelial activation, injury, dysfunction and altered thrombostasis have been found to entail the acquisition of severe malaria. This is common in cases of P. falciparum infection (Choffnes and Relman 2011). However, malaria’s chronicity is rare and if it happens it leads to induction of sterilizing immunity. Individuals who experience repeated exposures may be in dire need of re-exposure of the parasite if cured through drug treatment. Thus, there is a need into curbing the ease into which malaria parasite are capable of inva ding human hosts while at the same time minimizing the immune response arm (Coleman and Tsongalis 2009). Basically, two models of supporting the protection against the chances of infection of malaria through vaccination exist. The first type of vaccine entails immunization with irradiated sporozoites, which are meant to ensure maximum protection against possibility of malaria infection. The other type of vaccine entails the repeated exposure to malaria that induces immunity malaria infections and effective protection against any clinical manifestation of malaria. Importance of Malaria Vaccine Malaria has been rated among the fastest killer disease all over the world. Hence, much has to be done in order to curb the disease against causing deaths especially in infants, and the old people who have weak defence system toward diseases. In essence, malaria has not been controlled by the widespread deployment of existing control tools in most endemic areas. Moreover, there has been increas ed concern on the surfacing of insecticides and anti malarial drugs (Palmer and Reeder 2001). Vaccinations are been described as relative tools that are used to deliver and have played major roles toward the elimination of rinderpest, smallpox and other similar diseases. Never the less, the malaria vaccine is expected to provide direct individual protection against malaria infection and it clinical consequences. Additionally,, it is meant to decrease the rate of transmission of malaria infections better known as herd immunity. Immunization using Irradiated Sporozoites The possibility of giving safeguard against experimental sporozoite issues through the immunization by use of radiation attenuated sporozoites is evidenced in rodents, the natural rodents’

Monday, February 3, 2020

Essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Questions - Essay Example The caliphate period also started in this century. In this century Hazrat Ali and his sons were martyred. That was the point when shiism came into being when the opponents regret the martyrdom. The 8th century was known as the golden period of Islam. It’s when Islam gained its roots in the major countries. Many mosques were built; mathematicians were there to invent new solutions such as algebra. The Mongol invasions left a great impact on the Muslim empire. At first it brought glorious days when Babur and Akbar were the rulers but then it declined drastically because they started enjoying the luxuries and forgot about the empire. The wealth was wasted on wars and building palaces. Many rebellions stood up to weaken the empire even more. The Iranian experience is based on the class, cultures and traditions of Iran. The cultures are followed from an Islamic point of view. The class is differentiated on the basis of the wealth the society has. The classes have different views and traditions. For example: The primary source of kinship is security. Zoroastrianism is the pre-Islamic religion which emerged in Iran (previously known as Persia) and established its roots in India. The followers believe in one invisible God and one sacred book. Their beliefs are laid upon the monotheistic and dualistic

Saturday, January 25, 2020

The Outsourcing Industry Philippines Health And Social Care Essay

The Outsourcing Industry Philippines Health And Social Care Essay The outsourcing industry is currently a growing trend in the Philippines providing employment opportunities for many young professionals. The Philippine outsourcing industry has grown 46% annually since 2004 (Rivette, 2010) and is currently representing 21% of the $7.2 billion of total Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) revenues worldwide. With the increase in BPO employment opportunities, more and more young Filipino professionals are applying for and working as call center agents. Approximately 400,000 Filipinos are already employed as call center agents (Rivette, 2010) and with a growth rate of 46% annually, it can be estimated that another 200,000 Filipinos will be joining this work force next year. However, despite the economic benefits of the expansion of BPO in the Philippines, an increase in work-related diseases in call center companies have also been reported. The most researched work-related disease in call centers in the Philippines is on sexually transmitted infections, particularly HIV-AIDS. According to the study done by the UP Population Institute (2010), 20% of male call center agents are commercial sex workers while 14% of them give payment in exchange for sex. The study also showed that 1/3 of call center agents have had casual sex in the last 12 months. These statistics validate the increase in risky sexual behavior among call center agents in the Philippines. However, increase in risky sexual behavior is only a part of the lifestyle of most call center agents. Other poor lifestyle choices observed among call center agents is their patronage of fast food, smoking, consumption of alcohol, increased caffeine intake, decreased sleep, and decrease physical inactivity. Besides poor lifestyle choices, the nature of their work also predisposes them to stress and disturbances in their sleeping pattern. All of these factors predispose them to health problems particularly hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. A number of studies have already been condu cted on the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and call center agents in the Philippines but there are currently no studies yet on the incidence of other diseases among call center agents. This study would like to bridge this information gap because knowledge on the development of other diseases like hypertension and diabetes are also as important as knowledge on the increased transmission of STIs among call center agents.    In this study, the researchers would like to explore the association between the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II among call center agents in the Philippines. As mentioned above, call center agents and their lifestyle predisposes them to developing diabetes. The researchers would like to address the problem of potentially developing Diabetes Mellitus because of the long-term complications of this disease on the quality of life. The researchers would want to specifically address Type II Diabetes Mellitus for the basic reason that this type of Diabetes develops primarily because of lifestyle factors. The researchers believe that knowledge on the association between call center agents and the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II is highly significant because of the health implications of this disease and its potential to be prevented. II. Significance of the Study The increasing trend of call center agencies in the country provides job opportunities to the increasing supply of graduates in the country. Being employed as a call center agent in a call center agency is assumed to increase the risk of predisposition to different disease entities because of the radical lifestyle changes one undergoes. With the increasing number of employed call center agents, there is therefore an increase in the number of people who are at risk of acquiring diseases. Few literature deals with call center agents that discusses the acquisition of certain diseases secondary to their occupation. This study aims to increase the fund of literature with regard to this. Diabetes Mellitus, Type II is a chronic and debilitating disease. Also, as said, this is a life-long disease. Once a person acquires this disease, he or she will forever be predisposed to the co-morbidities and effects of the disease; which in turn, will decrease ones number of productive life years.   Prevention is the most cost-efficient approach when targeting populations. If the results of this study will show an association between being a call center and acquiring Diabetes Type II, we would be able to address the gap in knowledge with regards to the association of being an employed call center agent and acquiring Diabetes Mellitus, Type II. Also this would provide additional data for policy makers to address measures with regards to the prevention of this disease. III. Scope of Limitations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study will only include employees in call centers in Ortigas, Philippines. The study will be done for a period of 5(?) years and will only determine if an individual will develop Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or not. The study will not quantify the degree and severity of the disease upon diagnosis. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) will be used in the diagnosis of DM, as it is the most reliable and convenient test for identifying DM in asymptomatic individuals (Fauci et al, 2008) and part of the guidelines used by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force, 2007). Individuals will be counted as cases if diagnosed with Type II DM through the course of the study. Cases will be provided with appropriate interventions (non-pharmacological, referral).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  The study will exclude those who have the following at the start of the study: Type II DM, history of Diabetes in the immediate family, body mass index (BMI) above or below the normal value as per Asian standard, and more than or equal to 30 years of age. These exclusion criteria are the factors that can be controlled in selecting the individuals within the population that may predispose them to be identified as cases. IV. Review of Related Literature Call Center Industry According to a review done by OMaley (2008), the Philippines has been a major player in the outsourcing industry over the past ten years. Six major factors were identified to be the reasons why the Philippines participate radically in the said industry. One is the increasing government support for information technology investment despite the erratic political climate. Second is the continuous pooling of college graduates with good English communication skills and proficiency. It was stated in the review that 75% of the total population in the Philippines (according to a United Nations data) speak English fluently with a 94% literacy rate which gives a relative advantage in the industry as compared to other countries. Third is high knowledge about Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Fourth is the easy establishment of a reliable and reasonably priced telecommunication infrastructure. Fifth are the low costs but high quality locations of call center agencies. And lastly, sixth, the increasing trends of outsourcing globally. In that same article written by OMaley, it was said that the Philippines consistently ranks among the top five Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) locations globally. This shares a five-year-compounded annual growth rate of 38%. The Philippine BPO system was also coined as the major player in the growth of the service sector in the country. The Philippines plays a major role in supplying the demand for more call center agents as an effect of the global trending of outsourcing worldwide. According to the Philippine National Statistic Office (2010), call center activities ranked first among all BPO activities covering almost half of the total industry with 219 (48%) call center establishments.    With the increasing number of call center agencies, it is logical to say that there is also an increasing need for call center agents to work for such industry. Call center activities employ majority of the workers among all BPOs. In 2008, call center agencies employed about 150,000 workers (Philippine National Statistics Office, 2010). There are about 400,000 Filipinos who are currently employed as call center agents according to Rivette (2010). Call Center Agents According to  a policy provided by the Employment and Immigration Department of the Government of Alberta (2008), call center agents are the ones who respond to questions and inquiries, build customer relationships, resolve customer problems and provide information about company policies, products and services over the phone and via electronic communication. Working conditions from one call center to another may differ. According to that same policy, call center agents usually work indoors but in a rather open environment to decrease privacy. Further, managers are allowed to record and monitor the conversations of an agent and his or her customer. Working shifts also differ from one agency to another. Some agencies provide services 24-hours a day, seven days a week. Lifestyle of Call Center Agents and Associated Health Risk Factors Because of the nature of their work, call center agents usually live a lifestyle that may put them at risk for development of certain diseases. First, call center workers remained in a static sitting position 95% of the time (Rocha, 2005) which makes them prone to physical inactivity that may lead to obesity. Development of obesity is of significance because it is a risk factor for the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II according to the AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force of 2007. Second, call center workers are exposed to a highly stressful environment. Call center workers identified call-time pressures i.e., having to process a customer call within a specific number of seconds as having the strongest relationship to job stress (Di Tecco et al, 1992). Another study identified having to deal with difficult customers as the most significant source of job stress in 54.0% of call center agents handling inbound services and 54.4% of call center agents handling outbound services (Lin et al, 2010). High levels of stress can lead to increased cortisol levels in the body which is of significance because of its effects on body metabolism. Abnormalities in body metabolism can lead to metabolic problems such as stress-induced obesity which may give rise to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia (Andrews, 2002). Third, the usual diet of call center agents is high in cholesterol and fat and low in fiber which puts them at risk for dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. In a study conducted by the UP Population Institute, they identified the usual lifestyle choices of young professionals in Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. They studied the economic, social and health status of 929 young professionals less than 35 years old working at call centers and non call centers. The study revealed that there is a high level of consumption of chips, burgers, fries and fried chicken among the workers and a few number consume instant noodles and street food regularly. It was found out that fried chicken was the most popular food choice among Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) workers with 78% saying that they consume it regularly. Chips were the next most popular food choice with 54% saying they consume it regularly, followed by fries at 53% and burgers at 49%. High caffeine intake was also reported in 2/3 of a ll young professionals drinking coffee daily. However, the study pointed out that call center workers drank more coffee than non-call center workers. Call center workers drank 2.3 cups of coffee daily while non call center workers drank 1.7 cups daily. Tea intake was also reported where 1/4 of all call center workers drank tea while only 1/5 of non-call center workers drank tea. The study also revealed that 50% of all young workers drink soda daily at an average of 1.5 bottles or cans daily. The study also explored leisure activities of call center agents. Based on the UP Population Institute survey, 72% of call center agents said that their most common leisure activity is drinking compared to partying (62%) or videoke gimmicks (59%). The study said that overall there is a very high level of current drinking among workers, 85% for call center agents and 87% for non-call center agents. Fatty food and consumption of alcohol can increase triglyceride and cholesterol levels which is a risk factor for the development of diabetes (AACE, 2007). Fourth, sleep deprivation is common among call center agents. In the same study, they also found out that instead of the recommended 8 hours of sleep, call center agents only get 6.2 hours of sleep each day. Sleep deprivation can lead to metabolic disturbances and hormonal changes causing obesity (Merck) and consequently diabetes. Fifth, due to fatigue and lack of sleep, call center agents resort to smoking to cope with stress. They reported that 43% of call center employees smoke while only 21% of non call center agents smoke. A call center agent who smokes usually consumes 9 sticks a day on average. Smoking is a known risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis leading to hypertension and cardiac disease. Since hypertension and cardiac disease are risk factors for the development of Diabetes Mellitus Type II (AACE, 2007), smoking may then predispose an individual in developing diabetes. Diseases Associated with Call Center Employees An increase in the turnover, absenteeism, and occupational diseases in call center employees resulted from lack of modernization of processes and organizational planning in call centers in Brazil (Rocha et al, 2005). A focused group investigation conducted in a call center employed with 200 individuals observed the presence of complaints of muscular pain, stomach aches, sleep alterations and irritability (Westin in Rocha et al, 2005). Work-related muscular disorders were found to be highly prevalent among the female than male call center employees, specifically on the neck/shoulder region (43%) and on the wrists/hands region (39%). It was observed that a combination of high demands and lack of work control among the female call center employees   reflect a highly stressful job that predispose them to the increased risk of having musculoskeletal disorders (Theorell in Rocha et al, 2005). The limitations of the study done by Rocha et al (2005) are that the analyses were limited to on e call center linked to a bank, cross-sectional design, small sample size, and symptom-based diagnosis (such as pain, numbing, dizziness, tingling sensation, stiffening, burning sensation). In a study done by dErrico et al (2010), the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the same region was assessed using the following inclusion criteria to preserved the specificity of the outcome, although it likely decreased its sensitivity: a) presence of musculoskeletal symptoms (pain, burning, stiffing, numbness or tingling) at any time during the last 28 days and b) consultation to a physical and or self-medication because of the symptoms. Also, the presence of any disease known to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, thyroid diseases, rheumatoid arthritis), previous injuries in the last five years, leisure physical activity, body mass index, smoking, marital status, educational level, gender, and age class were explored as potential confounders of the association between workplace factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. It was found in this study that 45% of workers reported musculoskeletal symptoms wher ein neck (39%) symptoms were the most prevalent, followed by the shoulder (22%), handwrist (10%), and elbow (4%). Neck/shoulder symptoms were associated with low job control, elevated noise, poor desk lighting and impossibility to lean back while sitting. Elbow/hand-wrist symptoms were associated with short intervals between calls, insufficient working space, lack of forearm support, job insecurity, and long seniority in the industry. Other study that reported the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms among call center employees were done by Halford and Cohen (2003) wherein computer use factors and individual psychosocial factors were significantly associated with self-reporting of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms. Sudhashree et al (2005) stated in a column letter that the call center industry in India ranked high for attrition due to health reasons such as sleeping disorders (83%), voice loss (8.5%), ear problems (8.5%), digestive disorders (14.9%) and eye sight problems (10.6%). Burnout stress syndrome, which includes chronic fatigue, insomnia, and complete alteration of biological rhythm of the body are routine cause for sickness absenteeism. Chronic level of stress also affects other systems of the body such as the cardiovascular and endocrine. In a study done by Lin et al (2010) in a bank call center in Taiwan, call center employees have had prevalent complaints of musculoskeletal discomfort, eye strain, hoarseness, and sore throat. Also, it was found that those who perceived higher job stress had significantly increased risk of multiple health problems, including eye strain, tinnitus, hoarseness, sore throat, chronic cough with phlegm, chest tightness, irritable stomach or peptic ulcers, and musculoskeletal discomfort. In the Philippines, there are no studies about the health risks and occupational diseases associated among call center employees. However, there is a report of a rise in the number of Filipinos infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and includes the call center employees (Ruiz, 2010). Diabetes Mellitus,Type II Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Epidemiology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders wherein there is an increase in blood sugar (hyperglycemia) resulting from absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, or both. There are many classifications of this disease entity based on the pathologic process that leads to hyperglycemia. In Type II DM, hyperglycemia resulted from a range of predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance (Fauci et al, 2008). It usually occurs among the older age group (> 30 years old) but there is an increasing diagnosis in the younger group (Tidy, 2009). Most symptoms of diabetes appear very late in the stage of the disease. A lot of diabetics do not have symptoms when their blood sugars are elevated for the first time (National Objectives for Health, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus worldwide, from ~30million cases in 1985 to 177 million in 2000. Type II DM is increasing more rapidly because of increasing obesity and reduced activity levels as countries become more industrialized, as in the case of many developing countries in Asia (Fauci et al, 2008). A nationwide prevalence survey in the Philippines by the Department of Health showed that four (4.1%) out of one hundred Filipinos are diabetics, and the prevalence was higher in urban (6.8%) than in rural (2.5%) areas. The World Health Organization estimates that there will be a doubling of prevalence of diabetes in Southeast Asia every five to ten years. Using this as assumption, the prevalence of diabetes in the Philippines is around 8 to 16 percent (National Objectives for Health, 2005). Also, the death rate in diabetes has risen from 4.3 per 100,000 population in 1984 to 7.1 per 100,000 population in 1993. It is important to note that there is underreporting of deaths due to diabetes, as shown by local studies, because of misclassification as deaths due to cardiovascular or renal disease both of which are chronic complications of DM (National Objectives for Health, 2005; Fauci et al, 2008). Type II Diabetes Mellitus Risk factors and Diagnostics According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus (AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force, 2007), there are several risk factors to developing prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus. Such risk factors are (a) family history of diabetes, (b) cardiovascular disease, (c) overweight or obese state, (d) sedentary lifestyle, (e) Latino or Hispanic, Non-Hispanic black, Asian American, Native American, or Pacific Islander ethnicity, (f) previously identified impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose, (g) hypertension, (h) increased levels of triglycerides, low concentrations high-density lipoproteins cholesterol, or both, (i) history of gestational diabetes, (j) history of delivery of an infant with a birth weight > 9 pounds, (k) polycystic ovary syndrome, and (l) psychiatric illness. To diagnose Diabetes Mellitus, any one of the three criteria is sufficient in diagnosis the patient according to the AACE. These criteria are: (a) symptoms of diabetes such as polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss and casual plasma glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 200 mg/ dL, (b) fasting plasma glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 126 mg/ dL, and (c) 2-hour postchallenge glucose concentration of greater than or equal to 200 mg/ dL during a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test.    Diabetes Mellitus Prevention A study done by the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) showed that intensive changes in lifestyle, quantified as diet and exercise for 30min/day five times/week in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) delayed the development of Type II DM by 58%. (Harrisons, 2008). It was also found out that Metformin slowed down the progression or halted the development of Type II DM by 31% compared to placebo. People with a strong predisposition to diabetes due to family history or impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), are strongly advised to maintain a normal BMI and engage in regular exercise. According to the recent ADA Consensus panel, individuals with IFG and IGT who are at a high risk for progression to diabetes (age 35 kg/m2, family history of diabetes in the first-degree, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL, hypertension, or A1C > 6.0%) could be appraised for Metformin treatment but not other medications. Acute complications of DM The acute complications of diabetes are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperoslomar state (HHS). Both disorders are associated with absolute or relative insulin deficiency, volume depletion, and acid-base abnormalities. These may lead to serious complications if not promptly remedied. Diabetic Ketoacidosis The usual signs and symptoms of DKA are   nausea and vomiting, hyperglycemia, hypotension, Kussmaul respirations, fruity oder on the patients breath, excessive thirtst, and polyuria. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis that is accompanied by secondary metabolic abnormalities. Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State HHS may usually be seen in an elderly individual with Type II DM, with symptoms of polyuria, weight loss, and lessened oral intake that preceded mental confusion or coma. Physical examination shows profound dehydration and hyperosmolarity with concomitat hypotension, tachycardia, and altered mental state. In contrast to DKA, HHS does not present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and Kussmaul signs. Chronic complications of DM The chronicity of the disease brings about systemic involvement that affects multiple organ systems. Complications may be divided into nonvascular and vascular complications. Nonvascular complications include gastroparesis, skin changes, and cataracts. Vascular complications can be further subdivided into micro and macrovascular. Microvascular changes, which result from long standing hyperglycemia include retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Macrovascular changes include coronary artery disease and peripheral arterial diseases. (NIkki, Ill send you my draft. di ko lam kung tama. i Cant do the framework here.) Figure 1.Conceptual Framework V. Objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With the nature of the work and environment in a call center industry, the study aims to determine if working in a call center predisposes an individual to the development of Type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Specifically, it aims: a.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To determine the incidence of Type II Diabetes Mellitus within the period of study. b.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To determine the etiologic factors associated with the development of Type II Diabetes Mellitus. VI. References AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force (2007). American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clincial practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Practice. 13:3-68 Andrews, R.C., O. Herlihy, D.E.W. Livingstone et al. (2002). Abnormal cortisol metabolism and tissue sensitivity to cortisol in patients with glucose intolerance. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 87 (12): 5587-5593. Di Tecco, D., Cwitco, G., Arsenault, A., Andre, M. (1992). Operator Stress and Monitoring Practices. Appl Ergon 23, 147-53. dErrico, A., Caputo, P., Falcone, U., Fubini, L., Gilardi, L., Mamo, C., Migliardi, A., Quarta, D., and Coffano, E. (2010). Risk factors for upper extremity musculoskeletal symptoms among call center employees. Journal of Occupational Health. 52:115-124. Employment and Immigration. (2008). Alberta Occupational Profiles: Call Centre Agent. Government of Alberta. Retrieved September 10, 2010 from   http://alis.alberta.ca/occinfo/Content/RequestAction.asp?aspAction=GetHTMLProfileformat=htmloccPro_ID=71002991 Fauci, AS., Braunwald, E., Kasper DL., Hauser, SL., Longo, DL., Jameson, JL.., and Loscalzo, J. (2008). Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed.   USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Halford, V., and Cohen, HH. (2003). Technology use and psychosocial factors in the self-reporting of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in call center workers. Journal of Safety Research. 34(2):167-173 Lin, YH., Chen, CY., HONG, WH., and Lin YC. (2010). Perceived job stress and health complaints at a bank call center: comparison between inbound and outbound services. Industrial Health. 48:349-356 Merck Manuals Online Medical Library (2010). Obesity. Retrieved September 11, 2010 from http://merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch156/ch156a.html National Objectives for Health. (2005). Retrieved 9 September 2010 from http://www2.doh.gov.ph/noh/3-2-3.pdf National Statistics Office. (2010). 2008 Annual Survey of Philippine Businesss and INdustry: Business Process Outsourcing Activities. Manila Philippines. Retrieved September 10, 2010   from http://www.census.gov.ph/data/sectordata/aspbi08_bpotx.html OMaley, R. (2008). Special Report Call Centres in the Philippines. Retrived September 10, 2010 from: www.callcentrehelper.com/special-report-in-the-philippines-2231.htm Rivette, D. (2010). The Emerging Philippine Value Proposition. Trestle Group Consulting. Retrieved September 11, 2010 from http://www.bpap.org/bpap/publications/ TG_SDS_PhilippineValueProposition_March2010%5B1%5D(2).pdf Rocha, LE., Glina, DMR., Marinho, MdF., and Nakasato, D. (2005). Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms among call center operators of a bank in Sà £o Paulo, Brazil. Industrial Health. 43:637-646 Ruiz, J. (2010). HIV cases soar among Filipino yuppies, call center workers. ABS-CBN News. Retrieved 10 September 2010 from http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/01/27/10/hiv-cases-soar-among-filipino-yuppies-call-center-workers Sudhashree, VP., Rohith, K. and Shrinivas, K. (2005). Issues and concerns of health among call center employees. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environment Medicine. 9 (3): 129-132 Tidy, C. (2009). Diabetes mellitus. Philippine Medics. Retrieved 10 September 2010 from http://www.philippinemedics.com/diabetes-mellitus/ UP Population Institute (2010). Lifestyle, Health Status and Behavior of Young Workers in Call Centers and Other Industries : Metro Manila and Metro Cebu. Retrieved 11 September 2010 from http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/lifestyle/08/05/10/call-center-workers-diet-fast- food-caffeine-and-alcohol